The American Boy's Handy Book Read online

  DISCLAIMER: Please note that this book contains activities that may be dangerous or may not be appropriate for young children. These activities should be under taken only with careful adult super vision. The publisher expressly disclaims liability for any injury or damages that result from engaging in the activities contained in this book.

  Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd., with editorial offices at 364 Innovation Drive, North Clarendon, Vermont 05759 U.S.A.

  All rights reserved. No par t of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher.

  Copyright © 2008 Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

  Original Tuttle edition © in Japan 1966 by Charles E. Tuttle Co., Inc.

  Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

  Beard, Daniel Carter, 1850–1941.

  American boy’s handy book / Daniel Beard.

  p. cm.

  Includes index.

  ISBN 978-0-8048-3995-2 (hardcover)

  1. Boys—Recreation—United States—Juvenile literature. 2. Amusements— United States—Juvenile literature. 3. Handicraft for boys—United States—Juvenile literature. I. Title.

  GV1204.997.B43 2008

  796.083—dc22

  2008013583

  ISBN 978-0-8048-3995-2

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  Printed in the United States of America

  TUTTLE PUBLISHING® is a registered trademark of Tuttle Publishing, a division of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.

  DANIEL CARTER BEARD.

  AN APPRECIATION

  AT THE AGE of eighty-nine, Daniel Carter Beard finally sat down to write his autobiography. Over two-thirds of the resulting book—Hardly a Man Is Now Alive—is devoted to his boyhood—a somewhat disproportionate amount when one considers not only the age at which Beard wrote his life story but also the fact that here was a man who had pursued with great distinction such different careers as an artist-illustrator, writer, naturalist and a founder and early leader of the Boy Scouts of America. Beard obviously took delight in lingering so fondly on this period because as he wrote, “Grown people who have lost the power to recollect fully their own childhood and infancy are deprived of a great joy.” Apart from this, however, he was wise to give us such a full account of his early days in Ohio and Kentucky, since his boyhood, indeed, was the source and inspiration of his life work in all the above fields.

  Dan Beard was born in Cincinnati in 1850 but except for a short interlude there and in Painesville, Ohio, most of his boyhood was spent in Covington, Kentucky. His portrayal of life in a typical antebellum Ohio River town with its vivid recollections of the steamboats and the flatboats; his encounters with such picturesque characters as the “river rats,” gamblers and pilots; the schoolboy pranks and outings on the Licking River, has not only the rich authenticity of a contemporary Midwestern genre painting by George Caleb Bingham but recalls inevitably the antics and experiences of Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn. In addition to the heady environment of life by the Ohio River, Beard’s own family was, of course, a powerful influence in shaping his later life. His father, James Henry Beard (1812–93), was a professional itinerant portrait and genre painter whose specialized interest in animal painting was stimulated by his friend Audubon. Made a National Academician in 1872, the value of his work is now being recognized in the current rediscovery and appraisal of nineteenth-century American painting. Dan’s uncle, William Holbrook Beard (1824–1900) also was a professional painter and National Academy member, who was best known for his humorous story-pictures of animals. With such a heritage, it is little wonder that Dan and his two brothers—James Carter and Thomas Francis (“Frank”)—and sister Adelia all showed artistic talent. “Frank” early in life decided to become a cartoonist and ended up on the staff of the comic weekly Judge, but both James and Dan originally chose such mundane careers as the law and civil engineering respectively. In the end, however, their own artistic heritage and talent proved too compulsive for them to resist the temptation to go to New York in the 1880s and study art. From 1880 to 1884, Dan studied at the Art Students’ League, where he became great friends with such compatible fellow students as Frederic Remington, Ernest Thompson Seton, and Charles Dana Gibson. Dan quickly found he could make a living while he studied—“I drew everything, I made designs for decorated delivery cards, labels for boxes, valentines, architectural drawings, Currier and Ives pictures and other paraphernalia which never should have been made or published.” His works soon attracted the eye of one of the Harper brothers who commissioned him to do designs for book covers and jackets. Soon he found his work in demand—for newspaper and magazine illustrations and cartoons in such periodicals as Scribner’s Monthly, the old Life, and Harper’s Weekly. Nice things began to be said of Daniel Beard the illustrator—one critic called him “the Gustave Dore of newspaper work,” while Public Opinion dubbed him “the Mark Twain of art.” Dan’s illustrations for a Chinese story in Cosmopolitan caught the attention of Twain, and he asked him in 1888 to do the illustrations for his new book, A Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur’s Court. The book, a biting satire of contemporary social mores, immediately appealed to the liberal-minded Beard, who in 1892 wrote a “reform” novel himself. Dan noted that he had “more fun making the drawings for that book than any other book I ever illustrated.” Part of the fun was the use of prominent people as “models” for the depicted characters. Beard, a staunch supporter of the economic ideas of Henry George, took great delight in using various “robber baron” industrialists of the day as some of Twain’s villains. Other people did not share Twain’s enthusiasm for these illustrations and the publishers were forced to delete the of fending illustrations in later editions. As a result, Beard found his work boycotted for many years by most of the prominent magazines. Never theless Beard’s work was so highly regarded by his colleagues that in 1906 he was elected president of the Society of Illustrators.

  In addition to his work as an illustrator, Beard also began teaching art. Like his uncle and brother, he always was interested in drawing animals. As an instructor at the Women’s School of Applied Design in the 90s, he inaugurated the first organized class in animal drawing from life when he took his classes not only to zoos but to Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show. Dan’s own vivid boyhood memories and experiences also prompted him to become a writer. His strong humanitarian proclivities made him realize the contrast between his own idyllic youth and the miserable existence of the New York street urchins of the type somewhat sentimentally depicted in the popular contemporary paintings of John George Brown and the famous stories of Horatio Alger. The sight of news-boys sleeping on wet paving stones one morning “started me on my lifelong crusade for American boyhood. I realized that I should not waste time on men, but hereafter devote all my energies to interesting boys.” With this thought prompting him, he began writing as well as illustrating for popula
r children’s magazines like St. Nicholas, Harper’s Round Table, Youth’s Companion, and Wide Awake. Such articles as “How to Camp Without a Tent” proved so popular in St. Nicholas that his brother James urged him to collect all his contributions for a book. Accordingly Dan revised these articles, grouped them under the appropriate season of the year, and submitted the manuscript to Charles Scribner. This is, surprisingly enough, the only mention of the work in his autobiography, but the resulting book, What to do and How to do it: The American Boy’s Handy Book, immediately established Beard’s reputation as a famous writer for boys. This book, first published in 1882, quickly became a best-seller and was kept in print for well over thirty years. Such sustained popularity gave the book the status of a children’s classic—a fact recognized by the distinguished American bibliographer, Jacob Blanck, when he included it in his famous list of the 114 most beloved and influential juveniles of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. At least two and possibly three generations of American boys of the knicker age devoured this book—a fact which no doubt explains why copies of any of the many editions are so hard to find today.

  Actually The American Boy’s Handy Book was by no means the first such book in its field. There were for instance Oliver Optic’s edition of Sports and Pastimes for In-Doors and Out (1863), The American Boy’s Book of Sports and Games (1865), both patterned after contemporary English books. While these previous books did include some games and sports, Beard struck an authentically American note by being the first writer to take his reader out to the fields and woods, the streams and lakes, and teach the arts, joys, and rewards of woodcraft, fishing and hunting, boating, and camping out-of-doors. With his own recollections of camping expeditions on the Licking River in the “Daniel Boone country” of Kentucky, Beard was able to offer much practical experience. For instance in his autobiography he relates the amusing incident of cooking eggs wrapped in a protective coating of blue clay. The eggs exploded because the young campers had forgotten to make safety holes in the eggs to allow the steam to escape. This same story is repeated for the edification of the readers of The American Boy’s Handy Book. Other boyhood experiences recalled in the biography—the pleasures of making a dugout canoe, making traps and snares, constructing a rustic shelter and bed—all appear in the Handy Book. The descriptions of these suggested outdoor pastimes related with such contagious enthusiasm all contain detailed advice and instructions—a fact which Beard was careful to point out in the preface to the original edition.

  Another distinctively American note to the book is Beard’s emphasis in his preface on value of “doing-it-yourself”— “money spent on fancy sporting apparatus, toys, etc., would be better spent upon tools and appliances.” Accordingly the reader is told how to keep busy making all sorts of engaging objects (many of which were later seized upon and patented by toy manufacturers)—a dozen different kinds of kites, six types of home-made fishing tackle, bird-singers and corn-stalk fiddles, blowguns and squirt guns, water telescopes, stilts, “Man Friday” rafts, and all types of equipment for winter fun—chair sleighs, snowshoes, and snowball ammunition sleds. Today’s jaded youth who unmercifully tease their parents for the toys so seductively advertised on television, might profitably read The American Boy’s Handy Book and discover the fun and satisfaction of making some of this handicraft of a more innocent age. Some of Beard’s projects were not so innocent, however. As the father of an active boy of ten, I certainly would pause before giving him instructions for making a “Borneo hunter’s blowgun” despite the fact that clay balls are to be substituted for poisoned arrows! Most parents today also would take a dim view of Beard’s spring shotgun for shooting bird shot, the boomerang, and “bird-bola”!

  The American Boy’s Handy Book is not limited exclusively to outdoor activities, as Beard shows boys how to have fun inside. Part of the interest in reading the Handy Book today is its value as a social document, for here illustrated and described are such popular late nineteenth-century fads and pastimes as magic lantern and kaleidoscope shows, masquerades, taxidermy, “parlor exhibitions,” “literary clubs” and even soap bubble parties! Of course Dan could tell his readers how to make the biggest and best bubbles! In his autobiography, he relates how in his Cincinnati home he discovered how to make enormous soap bubbles by attaching the pipe via a hose to an open gas-jet, and this boyhood discovery— dangerous as it may seem to the modern reader—is passed along to his youthful audience. Late Victorian domestic activities and handicrafts are fully described in the charming companion volume, The American Girl’s Handy Book, which Dan’s sister Adelia (later a founder of the Girl Scouts) co-authored in 1887 for the “American boy’s neglected sister.”

  The tremendous popularity of The American Boy’s Handy Book inspired Beard to write nearly twenty other books, most of which were devoted to nature lore and woodcraft. Permeated with his love of the outdoors, his books were avidly read by such men as Theodore Roosevelt and Gif ford Pinchot who latertold him that his passionate espousal of the “primitive wilderness, unmanicured, unshaven, without a haircut” helped impress them with the need for preserving America’s forest land. Beard also helped advance the conservation crusade—a cause which is attracting such interest today—when in the early 1900s he became editor of the magazine Recreation. In order to stimulate circulation, Beard, at the prompting of the business manager, established for his readers a society, “The Sons of Daniel Boone,” (named after Dan’s childhood hero) whose members, known as “scouts,” were organized in clubs called “stockades” and “forts” throughout the country. The magazine was soon sold, but Beard took the Society with him when he joined the staff of The Woman’s Home Companion. When Beard went on to The Pictorial Review, he started a similar organization, The Boy Pioneers. In 1910 both of Beard’s groups were absorbed with his blessing into the Boy Scouts of America—the American counterpart of the original English organization of his friend “B-P”—General Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell.

  One of the founding fathers of the Boy Scouts of America, Beard was chosen as National Vice-President and one of the three National Scout Commissioners—a post which he held until his death. Since The American Boy’s Handy Book had so much material on camping, woodcraft and knot-tying, Beard was naturally asked to write the first Scout handbook. Because of other commitments, he reluctantly declined and the job was assigned to his naturalist friend Ernest Thompson Seton, who added his romantic woodcraft and Indian lore to the English book already in existence. Beard, however, designed the scout costume and wrote and illustrated articles for the Boy Scout magazine, Boy’s Life, until he died. It was through these articles that the name of “Uncle Dan” became known to millions of American boys. Here in Boy’s Life appeared the somewhat stereotyped photographs of the still stalwart old man wearing his sombrero hat and buckskins seated beside a scout campfire or on a forest log. Through these pictures, Beard became so fully identified in the public mind with scouting that, as he noted with pique in his autobiography, “today few people know that I ever painted, exhibited and sold pictures at the water-color exhibitions, or even made illustrations. My connection with the Boy Scouts of America seems to have wiped my past history off the slate.” These long years of service to scouting were recognized, however, when late in life he received the only Golden Eagle badge ever awarded, as well as having the peak adjoining Mt. McKinley in Alaska named in his honor. With all these encomiums in his lifetime, Beard’s name is seldom heard today. It is high time, therefore, that we examine anew here the varied career and valuable service of Daniel Carter Beard. This new edition of his most famous book—The American Boy’s Handy Book—is indeed a fitting memorial to the life work of the old man of ninety who died in 1941 with the heart of a boy.

  Charles V. S. Borst

  PREFACE.

  UNLESS boys have materially changed their habits in the last few years, it matters little what the preface of this book may contain, for it will be “skipped” without a passing glance.
Still, in the established order of things, a preface, even if unnoticed by younger readers, is necessary to enable the author to state his purposes in under taking the work, and to modestly put for ward his claims on public attention.

  It is the memory of the longing, that used to possess myself and my boy friends of a few years ago, for a real practical American boy’s book, that has induced me to offer this volume.

  The sports, amusements, and games embraced in this book are intended to reach the average American boy of any age, not too young to fly a kite or too old to enjoy a day’s good fishing.

  The book is based upon personal experiments and experiences, and is free, as far as lay within my power to make it, of foreign or technical terms or phrases.

  Well do I remember the impracticable chemical experiments, necessitating professional skill and the use of complicated and expensive apparatus, the impossible feats of legerdemain and the time-worn conundrums, riddles, and games that help to make up the contents of the boy’s books of my youth.

  Unfamiliar and foreign terms, references to London shops as places to procure the articles mentioned, glittering generalities, and a general disregard for details are the marked characteristics of the books to which I refer.

  Never shall I forget the disappointment experienced, when after consulting the index, I sought the article on paper balloons and found only the bare statement of the fact that balloons made of paper and filled with heated air would ascend. If I remember aright, the whole description occupies less than four lines.

  Although the greater portion of the contents of the present volume has never been published before, some of it appeared as short articles in the St. Nicholas Magazine; and the directions and descriptions then given have been tested by thousands of boys throughout the United States, and, judging from the letters I have received, with uniform success.